The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.